ABSTRACT
Introduction: COVID-19 has affected the whole world drastically and led to a substantial loss of human life. Relentless research is underway to identify effective treatment to control the disease. Traditional systems are also being explored to search for a potent drug. Unani formulation 'Tiryaq-i-Wabai' has long been used in cholera, plague and other epidemic diseases. This review is aimed at analysing the possible role of Tiryaq-i-Wabai in the prevention and control of COVID-19. Methodology: Unani classical texts and Pharmacopoeias available in the library of Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Chennai were reviewed to collect information related to epidemics, commonly prescribed drugs during epidemics, and therapeutic uses of Tiryaq-i-Wabai ingredients. ScienceDirect, Springer, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched to collect information regarding current pandemic and pharmacological activities of ingredients and phytoconstituents present in the formulation. The collected data was analyzed and interpreted. Results: Tiryaq-i-Wabai was found to be the most recommended prophylactic and curative drug during epidemics. The formulation ingredients, Sibr (Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.), Murr Makki (Commiphora myrrha (T.Nees) Engl.) and Zafran (Crocus sativus L.) are categorized under Tiryaqi Advia (literally - antidote drugs) and are considered to be very effective in SARS related conditions. These ingredients have been reported to exhibit immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, antitussive, smooth muscle relaxant, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities corroborating the traditional use of Tiryaq-i-Wabai. Conclusion: Scientific data imply great potential and utility of the formulation which could be a possible alternative approach for the prevention and control of current and future pandemics.
ABSTRACT
With the upsurge in the cases of COVID-19 around the world, plenty of potential COVID-19 complications are becoming more prevalent, including a higher risk of secondary bacterial and fungal infections. Mucormycosis is one such condition which has high prevalence among individuals with diabetes who were infected with COVID-19.The usage of steroids in the treatment further inflates the risk of infection and exacerbation of disease in pre-existent mucormycosis patients. Generally, Corticosteroid-induced diabetes can arise on long-term steroid medication, increasing the likelihood of mucormycosis. In patients with COVID-19, the indications and dose of corticosteroids should be properly regulated, and persons with diabetes who take insulin or oral anti-diabetic medicines should be cautious. To avoid poor outcomes, strategies to improve glycemic management should be emphasized. This narrative review elucidates different disciplines on rampant use of steroids, iron and zinc supplements as well as the methods utilized as primary or adjunctive treatment of this fatal condition. This article may help to pave the way for robust research that needs to be done to tackle the deadly triple burden of the disease.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Abnormalities in Complete Blood Count (CBC) are frequently observed in Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection. So, CBC can serve as a simple tool for the early diagnosis of COVID-19. Aim(s): To evaluate the diagnostic ability of CBC test in COVID-19 infection. Material(s) and Method(s): In this retrospective observational study, data were collected from 102 adult non critical care patients who presented with acute fever between May 2020 and December 2020. Among 102 patients' data, 48 were found Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) positive ('cases') and 54 were RT- PCR negative ('controls'). Non parametric Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the differences in CBC. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CBC tests in COVID-19. For this, RT-PCR was used as the 'gold standard' and CBC as the index test. Area Under Curve (AUC) was determined for each of the CBC tests. All statistical analysis were done using Medcalc software. Result(s): The mean age of cases was 48+/-14 years (62% males;38% females) and controls was 45+/-15 years (55% males;45% females). Median values for haemoglobin, haematocrit, Red Blood Cell (RBC) count and Red cell Distribution Width (RDW) were significantly higher (p-value <0.05) and total White Blood Cell (WBC) count, eosinophil differential count, absolute eosinophil count, lymphocyte count, absolute lymphocyte count, immature granulocyte count were significantly lower in COVID-19 patients as compared to controls. Significant differences were observed for eosinophil (differential% and absolute) count. Almost all the platelet parameters were lower in COVID-19 patients (except Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio);although the platelet count was only mildly reduced in the RT-PCR positive cases (133-475 X 103/muL;median-227.98 X 103/muL). Higher AUC values were observed with Eosinophil-differential %, Eosinophil-absolute count, Eosinophil Lymphocyte Ratio (ELR) and NLR. Conclusion(s): Eosinophil count and associated ratio (Eosinophil Lymphocyte Ratio) are diagnostically useful and can serve as biomarkers for COVID-19. Further larger studies are needed to unravel the underlying mechanism and their clinical utility. Copyright © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
With various technological innovation and digital payment system, customer expectations for the banking services has raised and these changes have paved a way for superior customer quality and satisfaction. The present study has utilized e-servqual modified model and format to evaluate the banking service satisfaction and retentions. The online survey has been distributed and collected among 167 people in Chennai city using a non-probability sampling technique. Furthermore the present study employed SPSS software to evaluate the banking service quality and satisfaction among the potential customers. As a result of e-servqual quality dimensions a positive association has been identified among potential retained customers.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019. This disease spreads through air contaminated with viral particles. All the age groups are affected by this disorder. The immunocompromised and elderly individuals with risk factors are commonly prone for serious complications due to coronavirus. Patients affected by this infection presence with a range of clinical manifestations, from no symptoms to critical illness. Studies have shown that Mild to moderate respiratory infection recover without treatment. Patients with comorbidities like hypertension. diabetes, cardiac illness cancer, prolonged respiratory illness are prone for critical illness. Studies also reported alterations in the morphology of various organs, circulatory systems, biochemical and haematological parameters. My study focused on analysis of serum ferritin in covid -19 positive patients in various stages of illness.
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Purpose of Review This review elaborates the role of malnutrition in PLHIV (people living with HIV) in the context of COVID-19 and emphasis the need of supplementation, dietary intervention, and nutritional counselling in the post-COVID era. One of the most critical challenges among HIV/AIDS patients is malnutrition since it weakens the immune system and increases risk to opportunistic infections. In HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection, weight loss is prevalent due to reduced nutritional consumption, malabsorption, abnormal metabolism, and antiretroviral therapy. Sufficient nutrition is required for optimal immune function, as a result, food therapy is now considered an important adjuvant in the treatment of HIV patients. Recent Findings Nutritional intervention, such as the use of dietary supplements, can help to prevent nutrient deficiency, lowering the death risk among malnourished HIV population. Immunocompromised individuals are at very high risk for COVID-19 and malnutrition increases the risk of infection by multiple folds. Interventions, such as nutrition education and counselling are important, to improve the condition of HIV Patients by optimising their nutritional status. Summary A balanced diet should be one of the most important priorities in preventing PLHIV against the potentially deadly consequences of COVID-19. It is to be ensured that HIV-positive persons continue to get enough and appropriate assistance, such as nutrition and psychological counselling, in the context of COVID-19 infection. The use of telemedicine to maintain nutritional intervention can be beneficial. To meet their nutritional needs and minimise future difficulties, PLHIV infected with COVID-19 should get specialised nutritional education and counselling. Graphical